Spearman’s rank correlations between CT perfusion parameters and histology measurement for control group (N = 18) animals.

<p>Spearman’s rank correlations between CT perfusion parameters and histology measurement for control group (N = 18) animals.</p

Delineation of tumor and CT perfusion data.

<p>(a) Tumor. (b) Tumor blood flow (BF). (c) Tumor blood volume (BV). (d) Tumor permeability-surface area (PS) product.</p

Examples of brain histology with pimonidazole.

<p>(a) 5 μm thick brain specimen stained for hypoxia (red arrows). (b) Zoomed area around the tumour (orange outline), pimonidazole-positive area (green outline), and necrotic area (red dashed line).</p

Correlation between CT perfusion parameters with hypoxia and necrosis.

<p>Percent hypoxic area vs. tumor blood flow (a), blood volume (b), percent necrotic area vs. tumor blood flow (c) and percent necrotic area vs. blood volume (d). Data for animals in control (●), SRS1(○) and SRS2(+) groups are all included. Solid lines show the best fit and dotted lines denote the 95% confidence intervals.</p

Examples of pimonidazole staining patterns.

<p>(a) Pimonidazole staining (red arrows) on the periphery of necrotic regions (red asterisk). (b) Pimonidazole staining located in the center of the tumor when there is no dominant necrotic region.</p

Ohjaus ja dialoginen vuorovaikutus hoitotyössä

Hoitotyötä toteutetaan vuorovaikutuksessa asiakkaiden kanssa tavoitteena selvittää heidän hoitonsa tarve ja suunnitella sekä toteuttaa hoitoa asetettujen tavoitteiden suuntaan. Vuorovaikutuksella on merkitystä asiakkaiden hoidosta saamiinsa kokemuksiin. Kun ihmisten terveydentila muuttuu, aiheuttaa se usein haavoittuvuutta ja kriisin kokemuksia riippuen terveydentilan muutoksen vakavuudesta ja ihmisten omista persoonallisista vahvuuksista. Hoitajan tehtävänä on kohdata ihminen kokonaisvaltaisesti ja hänen kokemuksiaan huomioiden. Kun asiakas on mukana hoidossa päättämässä omaa hoitoaan koskevissa asioissa, niin sillä on todettu olevan vaikuttavuutta hoitotuloksiin ja myös hoidon kustannukset ovat laskeneet

Tumor volume vs. tumor blood flow for test subjects from control (●), SRS1(○) and SRS2(+) groups.

<p>Tumor volume vs. tumor blood flow for test subjects from control (●), SRS1(○) and SRS2(+) groups.</p

Changes in (A) tumor volume, (B) relative blood flow (rBF), (C) relative blood volume (rBV), and (D) permeability-surface area (PS) in the tumor for controls, responders, and non-responders.

<p>*Significantly different from baseline (Friedman test and Wilcoxon-signed rank test). †Significantly different from controls and #significantly different from non-responders (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test).</p

Kaplan-Meier plots of survival categorized by (A) response (B) tumor volume, (C) relative blood flow (rBF), (D) relative blood volume (rBV), and (E) permeability-surface area product (PS).

<p>For each imaging parameter, two response groups were identified based on whether the measured value was ≤ lower 50% confidence interval of variations across all treated animals derived from the between-subject variation on day 7 post-SRS. Those that met this criteria were ranked as “low” by applying this threshold, and the others were ranked as “high”. Animals with low rBF, rBV, and PS on day 7 post-SRS showed significantly longer survival than the rest of the treated animals (i.e. high rBF, rBV, and PS) and control animals. *Significantly different from control group. †Significantly different from the other treated animals with a “high” value. Significant at <i>P</i>≤0.02 level (log-rank test).</p

Changes in (A) relative blood flow (rBF), (B) relative blood volume (rBV), and (C) permeability-surface area product (PS) in the peritumoral region for controls, responders, and non-responders.

<p>*Significantly different from baseline (Friedman test and Wilcoxon-signed rank test). †Significantly different from controls (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test).</p